{"id":653,"date":"2025-08-14T18:40:15","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T18:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/?p=653"},"modified":"2025-08-14T18:55:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T18:55:56","slug":"czlowiek-wobec-niestalosci-swiata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/czlowiek-wobec-niestalosci-swiata\/","title":{"rendered":"Cz\u0142owiek wobec niesta\u0142o\u015bci \u015bwiata. Na podstawie Ksi\u0119gi Koheleta."},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n            <section id=\"wstep\" class=\"section\">\n                \n                <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n                    <div class=\"section-icon\">\ud83e\udd14<\/div>\n                    Wst\u0119p\n                <\/h2>\n                \n\n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <h3 class=\"subsection-title\">Czym jest niesta\u0142o\u015b\u0107 \u015bwiata?<\/h3>\n            \n                \n            \n            <div class=\"box-definition\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>Kluczowe informacje:<\/span><\/h3>\n                <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding: 0;\">\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Definicja: Niesta\u0142o\u015b\u0107 \u015bwiata to przekonanie o przemijaj\u0105cym charakterze wszystkich rzeczy \u2014 nic nie trwa wiecznie.\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Ksi\u0119ga Koheleta (Eklezjastesa) \u2014 jeden z ksi\u0105g m\u0105dro\u015bciowych Starego Testamentu.\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        G\u0142\u00f3wne has\u0142o: 'Marno\u015b\u0107 nad marno\u015bciami, wszystko marno\u015b\u0107&#8217; (Vanitas vanitatum).\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Uniwersalno\u015b\u0107: Temat przemijania obecny w literaturze wszystkich epok i kultur.\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Konsekwencje: Pytanie o sens \u017cycia w obliczu jego kr\u00f3tkotrwa\u0142o\u015bci.\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"quote\">\n                <p>&#8217;Wszystko ma sw\u00f3j czas i jest wyznaczona godzina na wszystkie sprawy pod niebem: Jest czas rodzenia i czas umierania&#8217;<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Ksi\u0119ga Koheleta przedstawia pesymistyczn\u0105 wizj\u0119 ludzkiego losu. Autor \u2014 zwany Koheletem lub Kaznodziej\u0105 \u2014 obserwuje cykliczno\u015b\u0107 natury i ludzkich dzia\u0142a\u0144.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>TEZA: Wobec niesta\u0142o\u015bci \u015bwiata cz\u0142owiek mo\u017ce przyj\u0105\u0107 postaw\u0119 rezygnacji lub m\u0105drego korzystania z chwili obecnej.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Problem niesta\u0142o\u015bci \u015bwiata dotyka fundamentalnych pyta\u0144 egzystencjalnych: o sens \u017cycia, \u015bmier\u0107, szcz\u0119\u015bcie i m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107 ludzk\u0105.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n            \n                \n            <\/section>\n            \n            <section id=\"rozwiniecie\" class=\"section\">\n                \n                <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n                    <div class=\"section-icon\">\ud83d\udcda<\/div>\n                    Rozwini\u0119cie\n                <\/h2>\n                \n\n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <h3 class=\"subsection-title\">Ksi\u0119ga Koheleta \u2014 m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107 wobec marno\u015bci<\/h3>\n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"characters-grid\">\n                \n                <div class=\"character-card\">\n                    <div class=\"character-name\">Kohelet (Kaznodzieja)<\/div>\n                    \n                    <p>Kim jest: M\u0119drzec, prawdopodobnie kr\u00f3l Salomon, autor refleksji o \u017cyciu.<\/p>\n                    \n                    <p>Co go spotyka: Do\u015bwiadcza rozczarowania m\u0105dro\u015bci\u0105, bogactwem i w\u0142adz\u0105.<\/p>\n                    \n                    <p>Reakcja: G\u0142osi tez\u0119 o marno\u015bci wszystkich ludzkich przedsi\u0119wzi\u0119\u0107.<\/p>\n                    \n                    <p>Problem: Poszukuje sensu \u017cycia w \u015bwiecie, gdzie wszystko przemija.<\/p>\n                    \n                <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"character-card\">\n                    <div class=\"character-name\">Cz\u0142owiek m\u0105dry vs. g\u0142upi<\/div>\n                    \n                    <p>Rola: Reprezentuj\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cne postawy wobec \u017cycia i wiedzy.<\/p>\n                    \n                    <p>Teoria\/postawa: Obaj spotyka ten sam los \u2014 \u015bmier\u0107, niezale\u017cnie od m\u0105dro\u015bci.<\/p>\n                    \n                    <p>Zmiana: M\u0105dro\u015b\u0107 nie gwarantuje szcz\u0119\u015bcia ani nie\u015bmiertelno\u015bci.<\/p>\n                    \n                <\/div>\n                \n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"box-example\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>\u2713 \ud83c\udfaf G\u0142\u00f3wna lekcja z Ksi\u0119gi Koheleta:<\/span><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"math-content\">Prawdziwa m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107 polega na akceptacji ogranicze\u0144 ludzkiego poznania i cieszeniu si\u0119 prostymi rado\u015bciami \u017cycia \u2014 jedzenjem, piciem i prac\u0105 jako darami od Boga.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Kohelet przedstawia pesymistyczn\u0105 diagnoz\u0119 ludzkiej kondycji. Wszystkie ludzkie dzia\u0142ania \u2014 praca, nauka, rozrywka \u2014 s\u0105 'pogoni\u0105 za wiatrem&#8217;.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Cykliczno\u015b\u0107 natury (&#8217;s\u0142o\u0144ce wschodzi i s\u0142o\u0144ce zachodzi&#8217;) staje si\u0119 metafor\u0105 powtarzalno\u015bci ludzkich los\u00f3w. Ka\u017cde pokolenie powtarza te same b\u0142\u0119dy.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Mimo pesymizmu, Kohelet nie neguje warto\u015bci \u017cycia ca\u0142kowicie \u2014 zaleca umiej\u0119tne korzystanie z jego dar\u00f3w, ale bez iluzji co do ich trwa\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n            <div class=\"box-definition\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>Najwa\u017cniejsze fakty z 'Ksi\u0119gi Koheleta&#8217;:<\/span><\/h3>\n                <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding: 0;\">\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        G\u0142\u00f3wne has\u0142o: 'Marno\u015b\u0107 nad marno\u015bciami, wszystko marno\u015b\u0107&#8217;\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Cykliczno\u015b\u0107 czasu: 'Wszystko ma sw\u00f3j czas&#8217; \u2014 14 par przeciwie\u0144stw\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Krytyka m\u0105dro\u015bci ludzkiej \u2014 nie zapewnia szcz\u0119\u015bcia ani nie\u015bmiertelno\u015bci\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Zalecenie: cieszy\u0107 si\u0119 prostymi przyjemno\u015bciami jako darami Boga\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Memento mori \u2014 przypomnienie o \u015bmierci jako wyr\u00f3wnuj\u0105cej wszystkich\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n            \n                \n            <\/section>\n            \n            <section id=\"kontekst\" class=\"section\">\n                \n                <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n                    <div class=\"section-icon\">\ud83e\udded<\/div>\n                    Kontekst\n                <\/h2>\n                \n\n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <h3 class=\"subsection-title\">&#8217;Sonet VII&#8217; Jana Kochanowskiego \u2014 polskie vanitas<\/h3>\n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Kochanowski w sonecie 'Dziwne mi si\u0119 trafi\u0142y przypadki cz\u0142owieka&#8217; rozwija motyw vanitas w duchu renesansowym. Poeta por\u00f3wnuje \u017cycie do gry, w kt\u00f3rej wszyscy gracze musz\u0105 odda\u0107 swoje figury.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n            <div class=\"box-definition\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>Najwa\u017cniejsze ustalenia:<\/span><\/h3>\n                <ul style=\"list-style: none; padding: 0;\">\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Metafora gry w szachy \u2014 \u017cycie jako rozgrywka z nieuchronnym ko\u0144cem\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Egalitaryzm \u015bmierci \u2014 kr\u00f3l i ch\u0142op maj\u0105 ten sam los\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Stoicka akceptacja losu \u2014 m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107 w pogodzeniu si\u0119 z prawami natury\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li style=\"padding: 4px 0 4px 20px; position: relative;\">\n                        <span style=\"position: absolute; left: 0; color: #2c5e36; font-weight: 700;\">\u2022<\/span>\n                        Renesansowa r\u00f3wnowaga mi\u0119dzy memento mori a carpe diem\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"box-example\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>\u2713 \ud83d\udcad Kluczowy wers<\/span><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"math-content\">&#8217;A \u015bmier\u0107 wszystkich r\u00f3wno traktuje i \u0142yka&#8217; \u2014 echo biblijnego egalitaryzmu wobec przemijania.<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n            \n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <h3 class=\"subsection-title\">&#8217;Termopile polskie&#8217; Baczy\u0144skiego \u2014 wsp\u00f3\u0142czesne vanitas<\/h3>\n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"characters-grid\">\n                \n                <div class=\"character-card\">\n                    <div class=\"character-name\">Pokolenie wojenne<\/div>\n                    \n                    <p>Podej\u015bcie: \u015awiadomo\u015b\u0107 w\u0142asnej \u015bmiertelno\u015bci w obliczu wojny.<\/p>\n                    \n                    <p>Dzia\u0142anie: Heroiczny op\u00f3r mimo przekonania o przegranych walkach.<\/p>\n                    \n                    <p>Wniosek: Warto\u015b\u0107 tkwi w samym czynie, nie w jego skutkach.<\/p>\n                    \n                <\/div>\n                \n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n                \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Baczy\u0144ski przenosi motyw niesta\u0142o\u015bci w kontekst II wojny \u015bwiatowej. M\u0142ode pokolenie ginie, wiedz\u0105c o bezcelowo\u015bci swojego po\u015bwi\u0119cenia, ale mimo to podejmuje walk\u0119.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            \n            \n                \n            <\/section>\n            \n            <section id=\"zakonczenie\" class=\"section\">\n                \n                <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n                    <div class=\"section-icon\">\u2705<\/div>\n                    Zako\u0144czenie\n                <\/h2>\n                \n\n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"box-important\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>Podsumowanie<\/span><\/h3>\n                <p>Cz\u0142owiek wobec niesta\u0142o\u015bci \u015bwiata mo\u017ce przyj\u0105\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne postawy: pesymistyczn\u0105 rezygnacj\u0119 (Kohelet), stoick\u0105 akceptacj\u0119 (Kochanowski) lub heroiczny bunt (Baczy\u0144ski). Wszystkie \u0142\u0105czy \u015bwiadomo\u015b\u0107 przemijania jako fundamentalnego prawa egzystencji.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <p>Uniwersalno\u015b\u0107 tego tematu sprawia, \u017ce ka\u017cda epoka na nowo interpretuje problem niesta\u0142o\u015bci, znajduj\u0105c w nim \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o zar\u00f3wno rozpaczy, jak i m\u0105dro\u015bci \u017cyciowej.<\/p>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n                \n            <\/section>\n            \n            <section id=\"matura\" class=\"section\">\n                \n                <h2 class=\"section-title\">\n                    <div class=\"section-icon\">\ud83c\udf93<\/div>\n                    Tips na mature ustn\u0105\n                <\/h2>\n                \n\n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"box-definition\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>\ud83d\udccb Checklist &#8211; sprawd\u017a przed matur\u0105:<\/span><\/h3>\n                <ul class=\"checklist-list\">\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_1\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_1\">Znaj g\u0142\u00f3wne has\u0142o Koheleta: 'Marno\u015b\u0107 nad marno\u015bciami&#8217;<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_2\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_2\">Wymie\u0144 przyk\u0142ady cykliczno\u015bci z fragmentu 'Wszystko ma sw\u00f3j czas&#8217;<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_3\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_3\">Por\u00f3wnaj postawy wobec przemijania u r\u00f3\u017cnych autor\u00f3w<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_4\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_4\">Znajd\u017a konteksty historyczne (np. wojna u Baczy\u0144skiego)<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_5\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_5\">Przypomnij sobie definicj\u0119 vanitas i memento mori<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_6\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_6\">Przygotuj przyk\u0142ady z literatury wsp\u00f3\u0142czesnej<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_7\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_7\">Potrafi wyt\u0142umaczy\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnic\u0119 mi\u0119dzy pesymizmem a realizmem<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_8\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_8\">Znaj podstawowe informacje o Ksi\u0119dze Koheleta jako tek\u015bcie biblijnym<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_9\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_9\">Pami\u0119taj o uniwersalno\u015bci tematu w r\u00f3\u017cnych epokach<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                    <li>\n                        <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"chk_10\">\n                        <label for=\"chk_10\">Prze\u0107wicz analiz\u0119 \u015brodk\u00f3w stylistycznych (metafory, por\u00f3wnania)<\/label>\n                    <\/li>\n                    \n                <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"box-example\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>\ud83c\udfaf Pytania z odpowiedziami:<\/span><button class=\"qa-toggle\" type=\"button\" id=\"qa-toggle-all\">Zwi\u0144\/rozwi\u0144 wszystkie<\/button><\/h3>\n                <div class=\"qa-list\">\n                    \n                    <details class=\"qa-item\">\n                        <summary class=\"qa-summary\"><span class=\"qa-caret\">\u25b6<\/span><span>Jakie g\u0142\u00f3wne has\u0142o g\u0142osi Kohelet?<\/span><\/summary>\n                        <div class=\"qa-answer math-content\">&#8217;Marno\u015b\u0107 nad marno\u015bciami, wszystko marno\u015b\u0107&#8217; \u2014 wskazuje na przemijaj\u0105cy charakter wszystkich ludzkich przedsi\u0119wzi\u0119\u0107.<\/div>\n                    <\/details>\n                    \n                    <details class=\"qa-item\">\n                        <summary class=\"qa-summary\"><span class=\"qa-caret\">\u25b6<\/span><span>Czym r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 postawa Koheleta od postawy Kochanowskiego?<\/span><\/summary>\n                        <div class=\"qa-answer math-content\">Kohelet jest pesymist\u0105, Kochanowski reprezentuje stoick\u0105 akceptacj\u0119 \u2014 obaj dostrzegaj\u0105 przemijanie, ale Kochanowski znajduje w tym m\u0105dro\u015b\u0107.<\/div>\n                    <\/details>\n                    \n                    <details class=\"qa-item\">\n                        <summary class=\"qa-summary\"><span class=\"qa-caret\">\u25b6<\/span><span>Co oznacza 'pogo\u0144 za wiatrem&#8217; w Ksi\u0119dze Koheleta?<\/span><\/summary>\n                        <div class=\"qa-answer math-content\">Metafora bezcelowo\u015bci ludzkich d\u0105\u017ce\u0144 \u2014 wszystkie wysi\u0142ki s\u0105 daremne wobec nieuchronnego przemijania.<\/div>\n                    <\/details>\n                    \n                    <details class=\"qa-item\">\n                        <summary class=\"qa-summary\"><span class=\"qa-caret\">\u25b6<\/span><span>Jakie rozwi\u0105zanie proponuje Kohelet wobec marno\u015bci \u017cycia?<\/span><\/summary>\n                        <div class=\"qa-answer math-content\">Rado\u015b\u0107 z prostych przyjemno\u015bci: jedzenia, picia, pracy \u2014 jako dar\u00f3w od Boga, ale bez z\u0142udze\u0144 co do ich trwa\u0142o\u015bci.<\/div>\n                    <\/details>\n                    \n                    <details class=\"qa-item\">\n                        <summary class=\"qa-summary\"><span class=\"qa-caret\">\u25b6<\/span><span>Dlaczego motyw vanitas jest uniwersalny?<\/span><\/summary>\n                        <div class=\"qa-answer math-content\">Bo dotyczy podstawowego do\u015bwiadczenia ludzkiego \u2014 \u015bwiadomo\u015bci \u015bmiertelno\u015bci i przemijania, obecnego we wszystkich kulturach.<\/div>\n                    <\/details>\n                    \n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n                \n            <\/section>\n            \n            <section id=\"summary\" class=\"section\">\n                \n\n                \n                    \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n\n            \n            \n            <div class=\"box-important\">\n                <h3 class=\"box-legend\"><span>\ud83c\udfaf TL;DR &#8211; Kr\u00f3tkie streszczenie<\/span><\/h3>\n                <p>Ksi\u0119ga Koheleta g\u0142osi: 'Marno\u015b\u0107 nad marno\u015bciami&#8217; \u2014 wszystko przemija. Cz\u0142owiek mo\u017ce reagowa\u0107 pesymizmem (Kohelet), stoick\u0105 akceptacj\u0105 (Kochanowski) lub heroicznym buntem (Baczy\u0144ski). Uniwersalny temat przemijania \u0142\u0105czy wszystkie epoki literackie i kultury.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n\n            \n            \n                \n            <\/section>\n            \n       \n        <script>\n        (function(){\n            const links = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.nav-item a'));\n            if (!links.length) return;\n            const sections = links\n                .map(a => document.querySelector(a.getAttribute('href')))\n                .filter(Boolean);\n            const io = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {\n                entries.forEach(e => {\n                    const idx = sections.indexOf(e.target);\n                    if (idx >= 0 && e.isIntersecting) {\n                        links.forEach(l => { l.classList.remove('active'); l.removeAttribute('aria-current'); });\n                        links[idx].classList.add('active');\n                        links[idx].setAttribute('aria-current', 'true');\n                    }\n                });\n            }, { rootMargin: '-40% 0px -55% 0px', threshold: 0 });\n            sections.forEach(s => io.observe(s));\n\n            \/\/ Q&A: toggle all\n            const qaToggle = document.getElementById('qa-toggle-all');\n            if (qaToggle) {\n                qaToggle.addEventListener('click', () => {\n                    const items = document.querySelectorAll('.qa-item');\n                    const anyClosed = Array.from(items).some(it => !it.open);\n                    items.forEach(it => { it.open = anyClosed; });\n                });\n            }\n        })();\n        <\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cz\u0142owiek wobec niesta\u0142o\u015bci \u015bwiata. Om\u00f3w zagadnienie na podstawie znanych Ci fragment\u00f3w Ksi\u0119gi Koheleta. W swojej odpowiedzi uwzgl\u0119dnij r\u00f3wnie\u017c wybrany kontekst.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[159],"tags":[153,223,13,166,222],"class_list":["post-653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-polski","tag-biblia","tag-ksiegi-koheleta","tag-matura","tag-polski","tag-pytania-jawne"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=653"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":665,"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/653\/revisions\/665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kierunekmatura.pl\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}